Drone location signature filters

ABSTRACT

Techniques for providing a verification of a flight path or landing zone may be provided. For example, during delivery an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) may capture one or more images of a plurality of delivery locations within an area. A computer system may generate one or more image templates or filters using the one or more images and subsequently use the image filters to verify a flight path or landing zone for a delivery by the UAV during flight.

BACKGROUND

A delivery service may deliver items to its customers using one of avariety of different means. For example, an item ordered by a customerfrom an electronic marketplace may be removed from a shelf in awarehouse and delivered to the customer's doorstep by a delivery person.In some cases, the item may also be transported by other means such asautomated or semi-automated means. For example, a network-based resourcemay provide an option to deliver the item to a delivery location via anunmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). However, deliveries made by UAVs may beprone to problems such as aborted deliveries because of obstructedlanding zones or an incapability to find or verify a delivery locationduring flight.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure will bedescribed with reference to the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example environment for a marker and landing zoneverification feature for a UAV delivering an item, according toembodiments;

FIG. 2 illustrates an example unmanned aerial vehicle configured todeliver an item, according to embodiments;

FIG. 3 illustrates an example environment for a marker and landing zoneverification feature for a UAV delivering an item, according toembodiments;

FIG. 4 illustrates an example environment for a marker and landing zoneverification feature for a UAV delivering an item, according toembodiments;

FIG. 5 illustrates an example environment for a marker and landing zoneverification feature for a UAV delivering an item, according toembodiments;

FIG. 6 illustrates an example environment for a marker and landing zoneverification feature for a UAV delivering an item, according toembodiments;

FIG. 7 illustrates an example environment for a marker and landing zoneverification feature for a UAV delivering an item, according toembodiments;

FIG. 8 illustrates an example computing architecture for implementingthe marker and landing zone verification feature, according toembodiments;

FIG. 9 illustrates an example flow for a marker and landing zoneverification feature for a UAV delivering an item, according toembodiments;

FIG. 10 illustrates an example flow for a marker and landing zoneverification feature for a UAV delivering an item, according toembodiments;

FIG. 11 illustrates an example flow for a marker and landing zoneverification feature for a UAV delivering an item, according toembodiments;

FIG. 12 illustrates an example flow for a marker and landing zoneverification feature for a UAV delivering an item, according toembodiments;

FIG. 13 illustrates an example flow for a marker and landing zoneverification feature for a UAV delivering an item, according toembodiments; and

FIG. 14 illustrates an environment in which various embodiments can beimplemented.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description, various embodiments will be described. Forpurposes of explanation, specific configurations and details are setforth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments.However, it will also be apparent to one skilled in the art that theembodiments may be practiced without the specific details. Furthermore,well-known features may be omitted or simplified in order not to obscurethe embodiment being described.

Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to, among otherthings, verifying a marker and landing zone for a UAV during delivery ofa payload, such as one containing an item ordered from a network-basedresource. In particular, a server computer (a service provider computer)that is configured to implement features described herein may receiveand analyze images provided by users that have ordered an item from anetwork-based resource. The images may include an area, such as adesignated landing zone that includes a landing marker that isassociated with the user, such as images of a user's yard, driveway, orother corresponding area. In embodiments, the landing marker may includea barcode, a quick response (QR) code, or any suitable machine readableunique identifier. The images received by the server computer andprovided by a user's computing device, such as a mobile phone, may beprocessed using an image processing algorithm that transforms aviewpoint of the image, extracts extraneous information, and abstractsthe image to a two dimensional (2D) map or other suitable image thatmore easily identifies the landing marker in the landing zone. In someembodiments, the images may be utilized to identify the landing markerwhen the camera component of an associated UAV is incapable of locatingthe landing marker. The image that includes the landing marker may beprovided to the UAV along with instructions that guide the UAV todeliver the item to the landing zone by using the identified landingmarker. In various embodiments, additional images that are captured bythe UAV during flight may be utilized to identify the landing marker inthe landing zone.

For example, a user may order a pair of tennis shoes from anetwork-based resource and request delivery via a UAV. In response, aserver computer associated with the network-based resource may instructthe UAV to deliver the tennis shoes to a delivery location associatedwith the user. Simultaneously, instructions may be provided to the userthat request one or more images of the intended landing zone and landingmarker that correspond to the user's home. Upon receiving the images,the server computer may analyze the images, transform, and extractinformation to identify the landing marker in the landing zone. Inembodiments, the identification of the landing zone in the landingmarker may be provided to the UAV which will aid in guiding the UAV todeliver the item in the landing zone via the landing marker.

In some embodiments, the images captured by a user device and the UAVduring flight may be utilized to identify a potential landing zoneabsent a landing marker to enable delivery of an ordered item. Forexample, images captured by a UAV upon arriving at a delivery locationmay be analyzed to identify an appropriate landing zone to deliver theitem. In embodiments, an appropriate landing zone may include an area orzone of specific dimensions that is associated with a user's deliverylocation, free from obstructions or obstacles, and of a suitable terrainthat allows a UAV to safely descend to deliver the item and ascend to acertain altitude. In various embodiments, a notification may be providedby the UAV, via auditory or visual components, that a suitable landingzone has been located in a user's delivery location. In someembodiments, a server computer may generate and provide to a user devicea notification of the identification of a suitable landing zone. Inaccordance with at least one embodiment, a user profile may be generatedand maintained by the server computer that identifies the landing zone,landing marker, or potential landing zones associated with a user basedon previously submitted images from a user device or the UAV.

In various embodiments, when a user provides images of an areaassociated with their delivery location, either voluntarily or uponrequest, the server computer may determine that the provided images areof poor quality or lack any suitable information to identify a landingzone or landing marker. In such situations, a request may be provided toa user device of a user indicating that additional images be captured ofthe landing zone, landing marker, or any combination thereof. In someembodiments, a request may be provided to a user to capture images ofthe landing zone or landing marker from one or more different angles orviewpoints (i.e., frontal, profile, aerial (when possible), or worm'seye view). A user may utilize a user device to capture or obtain avideo, live stream, or other suitable media file of the landing zone andlanding marker and provide said media files to the server computer toaid in identifying and verifying the location of the landing markerwithin the landing zone. In embodiments, the UAV may utilize anassociated delivery mechanism, such as a tether, to lower the item ontothe landing marker to complete delivery. In some embodiments, the UAVmay descend and land in the landing zone on the landing marker andrelease the item before ascending to an appropriate altitude for areturn flight to an origination location.

In some embodiments, a user may interact with their associated userdevice (i.e., laptop computer, desktop computer, mobile phone, wearabledevice, gaming device, tablet computer, etc.,) or an application of theuser device to tag or identify one or more objects in the images beforeproviding them to the server computer for analyzing. The tag informationmay be utilized by the image processing algorithm to remove or abstractunnecessary information from the image and aid in identifying thelanding marker in the landing zone. In various embodiments, metadata orimage capture information may be provided with the images or media filesprovided to the server computer. The metadata or image captureinformation may include capture conditions such as illumination level,light exposure, or other suitable image capture information and devicecapability information such as exposure time, lens magnification, etc.In some embodiments, the user profile for a user may include informationabout recurring patterns for a user's landing zone, delivery location,or area. For example, the patterns may identify things such as trees, apool, an outdoor grill, etc., that may be used for scale or verificationof the user's delivery location, landing zone, and/or landing marker. Inaccordance with at least one embodiment, the server computer may providean application that presents an augmented reality layover orpresentation that can be used to capture images of a user's landing zoneand/or landing marker. The augmented reality information and imagescaptured utilizing such features may be analyzed by the server computerto identify the landing marker, verify the delivery location, and guidethe UAV to deliver the item using the landing marker. In someembodiments, information about a delivery location may be obtained orrequested from a third party entity, such as a government entity. Theinformation may include plot information for a user's land, architectureplans, or other suitable information about a user's delivery location.

In embodiments, image processing algorithms may include identifying anitem in an image and a scale for said item may be determined using anitem catalog maintained by an electronic marketplace. Suitable imageprocessing or item recognition may include analyzing barcodes or labelsassociated with an item included in the image. The barcodes or labelsincluded in the image may be matched against a barcode or label databaseto identify the item in the image. In some embodiments, an image may beanalyzed via an algorithm to determine image characteristics for eachitem included in an image. In various embodiments, optical characterrecognition can be utilized to process labels or tags associated with anitem in the image and matched to labels or tags of other itemsmaintained in an item catalog. In embodiments, an image processingalgorithm can fragment a picture into multiple portions and process eachportion individually to identify items included in an image. In someimplementations, a user can individually identify or tag regions oritems included in the image to enable an algorithm to identify the itemsincluded in the image.

In some embodiments, a user device and/or the UAV may utilize one ormore cameras to act as a stereo camera to capture images of the landingzone and/or landing marker. For example, a user device may be configuredto utilize a first camera at a first position and a second camera at asecond position to capture an image frame that simulates binocularvision. In some embodiments, binocular vision may be simulated using anysuitable combination of lenses (e.g., two lenses) and image sensors,which may include one lens, one sensor, and suitable software andhardware to simulate binocular vision. In embodiments, suitable imageprocessing algorithms may generate a depth map for use in identifying alanding marker in a landing zone and/or a potential landing zone in anarea associated with a user. In accordance with at least one embodiment,a depth map may include any suitable information that indicates relativedistances and positions of surfaces of objects from a viewpoint. Inembodiments described herein, the image processing algorithms mayutilize stereo triangulation using stereoscopic camera(s) and structuredlight using an infrared light source to generate a 3D image of an objectand generate a corresponding depth map. Calibration information,including distance from an infrared device to an object, may be capturedby an infrared device or inferred from a point of reference and caninclude any suitable information for calibrating dimensions of an objectin the 3D image.

Calibration information may indicate the distance from a 3D or 2Dimaging device to an object and can include utilizing a laser referencepoint, dimension information associated with a known object such as aquarter, environmental cues such as other objects in the background ofthe image, etc. The image processing algorithms may utilize edgedetection techniques that utilize first or second derivatives,equivalently, to detect large changes in pixel averages/values or alocal region which can be used to determine when an edge is likely toexist. Edges of images can be thought of as outlines in some cases orpatterns in others. Image processing algorithms may utilize templatematching that utilizes patterns garnered from edge detection fordetermining what an object is utilizing the outline of the image or thepattern of the image. Template matching may include utilizing samples ofknown reference objects at multiple translations/rotations/scales andthen compared to templates using convolution or relatedcross-correlation operators to check for overall match. In someembodiments, scale invariant feature transforms or simultaneouslocalization and mapping techniques may be performed in conjunction withimage recognition described herein for image algorithm processing.Further, background segmentation may be performed on the 3D image, 2Dimage, or image captured by the user device and/or UAV by applyinghistograms to the image. The histograms may be utilized as apre-processing technique for performing routine background segmentation,such as separating a landing marker from the background of a landingsurface, such as a cement drive way.

In embodiments, the server computer may be configured to receive andanalyze images captured by a UAV during flight to deliver an item to auser or from an associated user device to identify one or more objectsand/or items in the landing zone. In some embodiments, the servercomputer may generate instructions that can be transmitted to a userdevice that instruct a user to move the identified objects or items fromthe landing zone and/or landing marker to enable safe delivery of theitem by the UAV. In some embodiments, the server computer may generatean image with the offending objects/items highlighted, outlined, orotherwise indicated as offending and causing a safety or obstructionthat is prohibiting the UAV from delivering the item in a landing zoneassociated with a user. The image with the identified objects may beprovided to a user device of a user or an application of the userdevice. In various embodiments, the UAV may utilize auditory and visualcomponents to inform the user about the objects or items in the landingzone and provide instructions for moving the objects/items from thelanding zone and or marker.

In some embodiments, where a user utilizes a landing marker for alanding zone, the server computer may identify another potential landingzone within a user's delivery location and instruct the user to move thelanding marker to the potential landing zone. The server computer mayidentify the potential landing zone utilizing images captured by the UAVduring flight and/or images captured by a user with an associated userdevice. Once the offending objects or items have been removed, the UAVmay be given instructions to land in the landing zone and deliver anitem to the user. In embodiments, the UAV may attempt to communicatewith the user for a certain time period when an object or item isidentified in the landing zone before aborting the delivery mission. Thetime period may be determined based on an amount of power/fuel/chargerequired to return to an origination location for the UAV and a weightof the payload. In some embodiments, when a user does not or cannotrespond to requests to remove the offending items or obstructions from alanding zone, the server computer may transmit the same instructions toa default user, such as a pre-approved neighbor or friend, to move theitems or obstructions from the landing zone of a user. In variousembodiments, the server computer may utilize images captured by the UAVduring flight to identify another potential landing zone in a neighborlocation or proximally close location to the user. The identification ofthe other potential landing zone may be based in part on the user andthe neighboring user opting-in to a UAV delivery service or to serve asan alternate UAV delivery location for friends and neighbors. The servercomputer may utilize features described herein to identify that theother potential landing zone in a neighbor location is also clear ofobstructions or items that would prohibit the delivery of the item bythe UAV.

As described herein, items or objects identified in a landing zoneand/or near a landing marker may be identified based on imagerecognition techniques that leverage an item catalog of anetworked-based resource, such as an electronic marketplace. The itemcatalog information can be utilized to properly identify offendingitems, dimensions, and determine move distances required to remove theobject from the landing zone or interpret whether the item can be movedfrom the landing zone or whether a new potential landing zone should beidentified. In various embodiments, the UAV may be associated with oneor more sensors that are configured to emit and receive a signal thatidentifies a sound propagation of the surrounding environment. Based onthe sound propagation of the surrounding environment, a terrain type ordelivery surface may be inferred. The server computer may maintain oneor more policies that prohibit delivery upon certain surfaces such aswater or mud.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, the server computer maygenerate, maintain, and update a plurality of image filters that mayserve as image templates for one or more delivery locations in an areasuch as a city or town. The image filters may be generated using aseries of images captured by a UAV during delivery of an item and/orprovided by user devices of users requesting UAV deliveries as describedherein. The server computer may extract or abstract certain informationfrom the series of images to generate an image template. In someembodiments, the image template may include a 2D map of a particularlocation that identifies a landing zone and a landing marker for theparticular location. In various embodiments, the image filters mayinclude a map of obstructions or potential obstructions for a UAV suchas radio towers, high rise buildings, tall trees, or other suitableobstacles that may include objects or dimensions of objects not conveyedby global positioning satellite information. In embodiments, the imagefilters may be utilized to verify a flight path or flight plan for a UAVduring flight to deliver an item. For example, a UAV can periodically orcontinuously provide captured images to the server computer which may becompared to the plurality of image filters to verify the UAV's location,heading, and path. In embodiments, the image filters may also beutilized to verify a particular delivery location by comparing an imagecaptured by a UAV upon arriving at the particular delivery location tothe image filter for the particular delivery location.

In embodiments, the plurality of image filters can be utilized togenerate a flight plan or path that avoids certain locations, such aslocations for users that have opted-out from a UAV item deliveryservice, thereby avoiding said locations but still generating anefficient path for the UAV to deliver an item to an opted-in user. Inembodiments, an updated flight plan may instruct the UAV to climb to aparticular altitude before flying over an opted-out user and return tolower altitude when flying over an opted-in user. In some embodiments,the plurality of image filters can be utilized to identify one or moreemergency landing zones from participating users in response to amechanical failure or component failure of the UAV. In accordance withat least one embodiment, the server computer may maintain one or morethresholds that identify a limit of changes or updates to an imagefilter for a particular location. Upon exceeding a threshold, the servercomputer may communicate with a user that corresponds to the particularlocation and informing them of the recognized updates, trends, or out ofplace structures, items, etc. Some locations such as a warehouse orbusiness may warrant the use of a higher threshold than a house for auser as a user's landing zone (i.e., yard or driveway) may experiencedaily changes whereas a business may not see many changes within a giventime period. In some embodiments, the image filters or templates can beused to generate a flight plan that instructs the UAV's associatedpropellers to modulate at certain rotations per minute (RPM) and therebygenerate an expected sound when traveling near opt-in users versusopt-out users.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example environment for a marker and landing zoneverification feature for a UAV delivering an item, according toembodiments. FIG. 1 illustrates an example dataflow 100 for verifying alanding marker in a landing zone of an area 102 associated with a user104. In embodiments, the area may correspond to a delivery location ofthe user 104. Examples of a delivery location may include a yard such asa backyard or front yard of a user's home, an associated driveway oralleyway, or a nearby street. As depicted in FIG. 1, the area 102includes a home 106, a landing zone 108, and a landing marker 110 thatmay include a machine readable identifier such as a barcode that servesas the landing marker 110. In embodiments, the user 104 may utilize auser device or user computing device to order an item for delivery froma network-based resource via UAV 112. The network-based resource may beassociated with a service provider computer 114 that implements featuresdescribed herein including verification of a landing zone and maker inan area. The user 104 (via a user device), UAV 112, and service providercomputer 114 may communicate via one or more available networks 116 suchas the Internet.

In embodiments, the service provider computer 114 may request and/orreceive one or more captured 118 images 120 of the landing zone 108 andlanding marker 110. The user 104 may utilize a user device to capture118 the images 120 of the landing zone 108 and landing marker 110. Inembodiments, the service provider computer 114 may provide instructionsto the user 104 via the user device to capture additional images fromone or more angles or view points of the landing zone 108 and landingmarker 110. In some embodiments, the user 104 may capture a movie,video, or stream a live stream media file to the service providercomputer 114, via networks 116, of the landing zone 108 and landingmarker 110. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the serviceprovider computer 114 may analyze the provided images 120 to identifythe landing marker 110 in the landing zone 108 of area 102.

As described herein, the service provider computer 114 may be configuredto utilize one or more image processing algorithms to transform ortranslate the image 120 to an aerial view representative of an imagethat could be captured by UAV 112 of the landing zone 108 and landingmarker 110. The image processing algorithms may extract certaininformation and utilize information provided with the captured image 120such as device capabilities of the user device or conditions of thecaptured image 120 such as illumination, lens focus, etc., to generate a2D map, a 3D map, or a 2D or 3D depth map of the landing zone 108 andlanding marker 110. The information may be provided as metadata with theimage 120 to the service provider computer 114. In some embodiments, thecaptured images 120 may be utilized to identify the presence andlocation of the landing marker 110 within the landing zone 108. Once thelanding marker has been identified 110, information and instructionsregarding the identified landing marker 122 may be provided to the UAV112 via networks 116. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the UAV 112 may utilizethe instructions and identified landing marker 122 to guide itself toland in the landing zone 108 and deliver the item ordered by user 104 onthe landing marker 110. In some embodiments, the instructions providedby the service provider computer 114 may guide the UAV 112 to deliverthe item to the landing marker 110 in the landing zone 108.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example unmanned aerial vehicle configured todeliver an item, according to embodiments. The UAV 200 is an example ofthe UAV 112 discussed with reference to FIG. 1. The UAV 200 may bedesigned in accordance with commercial aviation standards and mayinclude multiple redundancies to ensure reliability. For purposes ofthis specification, the UAV 200 may include a plurality of systems orsubsystems operating under the control of, or at least partly under thecontrol of, a management system 202. The management system 202 mayinclude an onboard computer for autonomously or semi-autonomouslycontrolling and managing the UAV 200 and, in some examples, for enablingremote control by a pilot. The onboard computer will be discussed inmore detail with reference to FIG. 8. Portions of the management system202, including the onboard computer, may be housed under top cover 210.As used herein, the management system 202 may include a power supply andassemblies (e.g., rechargeable battery, liquid fuel, and other powersupplies) (not shown), one or more communications links and antennas(e.g., modem, radio, network, cellular, satellite, and other links forreceiving and/or transmitting information) (not shown), one or morenavigation devices and antennas (e.g., global positioning system (GPS),inertial navigation system (INS), range finder, Radio Detection AndRanging (RADAR), and other systems to aid in navigating the UAV 200 anddetecting objects) (not shown), radio-frequency identification (RFID)capability (not shown), and interfaces capable of speech interpretationand recognition (not shown).

The UAV 200 may also include a communication system 224 housed withinthe top cover 210. The communication system 224 may include one or morelight sensors 204 (e.g., imaging device, depth sensor, visible lightcamera, infrared camera, RGB camera, depth aware camera, infrared laserprojector, ultraviolet sensitive cameras, scanning sensor, lightfilters, image capture device or component, and any combination of theforegoing), one or more auditory sensors 206 (e.g., microphone, noisefilters, and other sensors for capturing sound), and one or more outputdevices 208 (e.g., microphone, speaker, laser projector, lightprojector, and other devices for outputting communication information).The management system 202 may be configured to receive information andprovide information via components of the communication system 224. Forexample, information may be received (e.g., images of an area) via theimage capture device and the identification of objects in a landing zonemay be provided (e.g., verbal statements, requests, or questions usingthe speech interface, flashing lights, and other ways discussed hereinfor providing information) via the output device 208. Thus, in someexamples, the UAV 200 may support two-way communication with users.Two-way communication may be beneficial for verifying a potentialrecipient's identity, for posing questions to a potential recipient orto other human users, and for providing instructions to a potentialrecipient or to other users, e.g., relating to delivery of a package orremoval of objects from a landing zone and/or moving a landing marker toa newly designated landing zone. In some examples, the communicationsystem 224 may operate semi-autonomously or autonomously.

As shown in FIG. 2, the UAV 200 may also include a retaining system 212.The retaining system 212 may be configured to retain payload 214. Insome examples, the retaining system 212 may retain the payload 214 usingfriction, vacuum suction, opposing arms, magnets, and other retainingmethods. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the retaining system 212 may includetwo opposing arms 216 (only one is illustrated) configured to retain thepayload 214. The management system 202 may be configured to control atleast a portion of the retaining system 212. In some examples, theretaining system 212 may be configured to release the payload 214 in oneof a variety of ways. For example, the retaining system 212 (or othersystem of the UAV 200) may be configured to release the payload 214 witha winch and spool system or tether system, by the retaining system 212releasing the payload, and other methods of releasing the payload. Insome examples, the retaining system 212 may operate semi-autonomously orautonomously.

In FIG. 2, the payload 214 is illustrated as a delivery box. In someexamples, the delivery box may include one or more packages or itemsintended for delivery to a recipient using the techniques describedherein. The payload 214, whether as a delivery box or otherwise, may beconfigured for delivery using a variety of different methods. Forexample, the payload 214 may include a parachute that opens and slowsthe payload's 214 descent as it falls to its delivery location. In someexamples, the payload 214 may include padding surrounding its package toreduce the impact of a drop from the UAV 200 above the ground. The UAV200 may also deliver the payload 214 by fully landing on the ground andreleasing the retaining system 212.

Further, the UAV 200 may include propulsion system 218. In someexamples, the propulsion system 218 may include rotary blades orotherwise be a propeller-based system. In some examples, the propulsionsystem 218 may include or be associated with one or more fixed wings. Asillustrated in FIG. 2, the propulsion system 218 may include a pluralityof propulsion devices, a few of which, 220(A)-220(F), are shown in thisview. Each propeller device may include one propeller, a motor, wiring,a balance system, a control mechanism, and other features to enableflight. In some examples, the propulsion system 218 may operate at leastpartially under the control of the management system 202. In someexamples, the propulsion system 218 may be configured to adjust itselfwithout receiving instructions from the management system 202. Thus, thepropulsion system 218 may operate semi-autonomously or autonomously. Thepropulsion system 218 may enable multi-directional flight of the UAV 200(e.g., by adjusting each propeller device individually). The propulsionsystem 218 may be configured to module the propulsion devices220(A)-220(F) at particular RPMs to enable generation of a certain soundby the UAV 200. The UAV 200 may also include landing structure 222. Thelanding structure 222 may be adequately rigid to support the UAV 200 andthe payload 214. The landing structure 222 may include a plurality ofelongated legs which may enable the UAV 200 to land on and take off froma variety of different surfaces. The plurality of systems, subsystems,and structures of the UAV 200 may be connected via frame 226. The frame226 may be constructed of a rigid material and be capable of receivingvia different connections the variety of systems, sub-systems, andstructures. For example, the landing structure 222 may be disposed belowthe frame 226 and, in some examples, may be formed from the samematerial and/or same piece of material as the frame 226. The propulsionsystem 218 may be disposed radially around a perimeter of the frame 226or otherwise distributed around the frame 226.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example environment for a marker and landing zoneverification feature for a UAV delivering an item, according toembodiments. FIG. 3 illustrates an example dataflow 300 for a landingzone identification and verification for use by a UAV delivering an itemto a delivery location associated with a user. As depicted in FIG. 3, auser 302 may utilize a user device (such as a tablet computer) tocapture 304 and 306 a plurality of images of a first area 308 and asecond area 310 of an associated delivery location 312. In FIG. 3, thedelivery location may be the user's 302 yard that corresponds to theirhome 314. The first area 308 may include one or more structures orobjects 316 such as a tree, bush, or other immovable and/or movableobject. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the user 302 maytransmit the captured images 318 to service provider computers 320 vianetworks 322. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the first area 308 and secondarea 310 do not include a landing marker. In embodiments, a UAV, such asUAV 324, may deliver an item ordered by user 302 without the aid or useof a landing marker. Instead, the UAV 324 may deliver the item to alanding zone that is free from objects or other obstructions and adheresto certain dimensions which ensure the safety of the UAV and the itembeing delivered.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, the service providercomputers 320 may be configured to utilize the captured images 118 toidentify a potential landing zone within the delivery location 312,perhaps in either first area 308 or first area 310. In embodiments, theservice provider computers 320 may utilize more images or informationobtained or captured by UAV 324 about the delivery location 312, firstarea 308, or second area 310 to determine an appropriate potentiallanding zone. As described herein, a potential landing zone may comprisean area of certain dimensions that is free of the presence of objects orobstructions to ensure a safe descent by UAV 324 to deliver the item inthe potential landing zone. In embodiments, the service providercomputers 320 may utilize the image processing algorithms to identifythe presence of an object 316 (tree) in the first area 308 which mayprohibit the safe descent and delivery of the item by UAV 324.

However, the service provider computers 320 may identify a potentiallanding zone 326 in the second area 310 that meets the dimensionrequirements for the UAV 324 and is free from objects or obstructions.In embodiments, the service provider computers 320 may provideinformation and instructions about the identified landing zone 326, vianetworks 322, to the UAV 324 to guide 328 the UAV 324 to deliver theitem to the second area 310. In some embodiments, the service providercomputers 320 may be configured to generate, maintain, and update a useror customer profile for user 302. The user or customer profile mayidentify potential landing zones in an associated delivery location 312,objects detected in certain landing zones such as tree 316, and natureand number of images, movies, or video streams captured by user 302utilizing a user device. In some embodiments, the user or customerprofile may identify and maintain information that identifies a type ofdevice utilized to capture the images 318. Preferences of device typeand media utilized to capture the first area 308 and second area 310 maybe utilized to provide relevant instructions to user 302 concerning thedelivery of an item by UAV 324.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example environment for a marker and landing zoneverification feature for a UAV delivering an item, according toembodiments. FIG. 4 illustrates an example dataflow 400 for an objectdetection and removal feature described herein for a UAV attempting todeliver an item. In embodiments, a UAV may attempt to deliver an item toa location associated with a user that ordered the item. However, safetyprotocols and procedures may indicate that the UAV is unable to deliverthe item should objects or obstructions block, impinge, or otherwise getin the way of the UAV trying to deliver the item. In such situations theUAV may abort the delivery mission. Methods and systems described hereinprovide solutions for delivering the item, via the UAV, to a user whenobstructions or items would otherwise prohibit delivery of the item. Forexample, FIG. 4 includes an area 402 that may serve as an associateddelivery location for user 404. The area 402 may include a house 406, alanding zone 408, and a landing marker 410. As depicted in FIG. 4, thelanding zone may include one or more items or objects 412, 414, and 416.The items or objects 412-416 presence within the landing zone 408 mayprohibit the safe landing of UAV 418 to deliver an item ordered by user404. For example, one of the objects may be of certain physicaldimensions that the UAV 418 may be unable to land safely without runninginto the object, tipping over and/or crashing to a surface. In otherexamples, an object may impede or otherwise cover the landing marker 410which may prohibit the guidance instructions for landing the UAV 418 todeliver the item.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, the UAV 418 may capture orobtain one or more images 420 for the area 402, landing zone 408, andlanding marker 410. The UAV 418 may transmit the captured images 420 vianetworks 422 to service provider computers 424 (the dashed lines 430 mayrepresent the viewing field and capture range for the images 420 by UAV418 and associated image capture components which may include a stereocamera). In some embodiments, the user 404, utilizing a user device, maycapture similar images of the area 402, landing zone 408, and landingmarker 410 to provide to the service provider computers 424 via networks422. As described herein, the service provider computers 424 may utilizeimage processing algorithms which include item recognition techniques toidentify the presence of the objects or items 412, 414, and 416 withinthe landing zone 408. In embodiments, the physical dimensions of theobjects 414, 414, and 416 may be calculated by the service providercomputers 424 that leverage an associated item catalog that correspondsto an electronic marketplace. In some embodiments, policies orthresholds may dictate that the presence of any object or item in thelanding zone 408 prohibits the UAV 418 from landing to deliver the item.

The service provider computers 424 may generate and transmit objectremoval instructions 426 to the user 404 via an associated user device.The user may be given a certain time period to remove 428 the objects412, 414, and 416 from the landing zone 408 to enable the UAV 418 todeliver an ordered item. The certain time period may be determined basedin part on a distance between the delivery location or area 402 and anorigination location for the UAV 418 and a current fuel, power, orcharge level for the UAV 418. In various embodiments, the object removalinstructions 426 may be provided to the user 404 and associated userdevice via a short message service (SMS) text message, an email, anotification to an application, or other suitable means such as a phonecall from a service representative of an electronic marketplace. In someembodiments, the object removal instructions 426 may include an image ofthe landing zone 408, landing marker 410, area 402, and the offendingitems/objects 412, 414, and 416. The objects 412, 414, and 416 may behighlighted, outlined, or otherwise indicated to inform the user thatthey need to be removed or moved from the landing zone 408 to enabledelivery of an ordered item by UAV 418. In some embodiments, the UAV 418may utilize one or more auditory or visual components to provide objectremoval instructions 426 directly to the user. For example, the UAV 418may be configured to provide two-way communication to the user 404 via amicrophone and a speaker component. In another example, the UAV mayutilize visual components to provide different colored lights or othervisual cues that highlight and instruct removal of the objects 412, 414,and 416 from the landing zone 408.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example environment for a marker and landing zoneverification feature for a UAV delivering an item, according toembodiments. FIG. 5 illustrates an example dataflow 500 for an objectdetection and removal feature described herein for a UAV attempting todeliver an item. FIG. 5 includes an area 502 that may serve as anassociated delivery location for user 504. The area 502 may include ahouse 606, a landing zone 508, and a landing marker 510. As depicted inFIG. 5, the landing zone may include one or more items or objects 512and 514. The items or objects 512 and 514 presence within the landingzone 508 may prohibit the safe landing of UAV 516 to deliver an itemordered by user 504. For example, the objects 512 and 514 may obstructthe landing zone 508 prohibiting a safe descent by UAV 516 to deliverthe item or may obstruct the landing marker 510 thereby prohibiting thesafe guidance of the UAV 516 to the landing zone 508.

In embodiments, the UAV 516 may capture 518 one or more images 520 ofthe area 502, landing zone 508, landing marker 510, objects 512 and 514,and home 506. The UAV 516 may utilize associated image capturecomponents to capture 518 the one or more images 520. In someembodiments, the images 520 may be supplemented by images captured by auser device of user 504 of the area 502, landing zone 508, landingmarker 510, and objects 512 and 514. As described herein, the UAV 516may be configured to transmit the captured images 520 to serviceprovider computers 522 via networks 524. In accordance with at least oneembodiment, the service provider computers 522 may be configured toidentify and determine a potential landing zone 526 within area 502utilizing the captured images 520. For example, the service providercomputers 522 may determine dimensions required to safely land the UAV516 within the area 502 that is different from the previously identifiedlanding zone 508. In some embodiments, the service provider computers522 may utilize dimensions determined and identified for the objects 512and 514, using an item catalog, to determine an appropriate distance tomove the landing marker 510 to the potential landing zone and therebycreate a safe and unobstructed area to allow the UAV 516 to land anddeliver an item.

In accordance with at least one embodiment, the service providercomputers may generate instructions to move the landing marker 528 whichmay be transmitted, via networks 524, to a user device of user 504. Theinstructions may instruct and/or guide the user 504 to move 530 (asrepresented by the dashed arrow) the landing marker 510 to theidentified potential landing zone 526. The potential landing zone 526may be of sufficient dimensions to allow safe descent by the UAV 516 todeliver the item ordered by user 504. Further, the potential landingzone 526 may include an area 532 to place, fit, or move the landingmarker 510 to serve as a temporary landing zone or new permanent landingzone depending on input from the user 504 and/or patterns recognized byservice provider computers 522 utilizing the captured images 520. Uponthe user moving 530 the landing marker 510 to the new area 532 in thepotential landing zone 526, the UAV may obtain or capture additionalimages of the area 502 and potential landing zone 526 to verify that thezone is free of any objects, items, or obstacles. Thereafter, the UAV516 may land in the potential landing zone 526 to deliver an item.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example environment for a marker and landing zoneverification feature for a UAV delivering an item, according toembodiments. FIG. 6 illustrates an example dataflow 600 for a flightplan verification feature described herein for a UAV attempting todeliver an item. FIG. 6 includes a UAV 602 in flight to deliver an itemto a delivery location 604. During flight the UAV 602 may capture 606 aseries of images and provide 608 the series of images to serviceprovider computers 610. In accordance with at least one embodiment, theservice provider computers 610 may be configured to generate, update,and maintain one or more image filters that may serve as image templatesto compare incoming images to and identify a correct current position ofUAV 602 during flight in a generated flight plan. In embodiments, theservice provider computers 610 may extract or abstract certaininformation from the series of images to generate an image template. Insome embodiments, the image template may include a 2D map of aparticular location, such as delivery location 604, that identifies alanding zone and a landing marker 612 for the particular location 604.

In various embodiments, the service provider computers 610 may generateand maintain image filters and derive image templates for a plurality oflocations, such as locations 614. The plurality of locations 614 mayrepresent a neighborhood, town, or city that includes users that haveopted-in for UAV deliveries from an electronic marketplace. In variousembodiments, the image filters generated by the service providercomputers 610 may include a map of obstructions or potentialobstructions for UAV 602 such as radio towers, high rise buildings, talltrees, or other suitable obstacles that may include objects ordimensions of objects not conveyed by global positioning satelliteinformation. In embodiments, the image filters may be utilized to verifya flight path or flight plan for a UAV 602 during flight to deliver anitem. For example, the UAV 602 can periodically or continuously provide608 captured images to the server computer which may be compared to theplurality of image filters to verify the UAV's 602 location, heading,and path.

In some embodiments, the image filters may also be utilized to verify aparticular delivery location 604 by comparing an image captured by UAV602 upon arriving 616 at the particular delivery location 604 to theimage filter for the particular delivery location 604. In embodiments,the image processing algorithms implemented by the service providercomputers 610 may perform a matching or comparison operation thatidentifies differences between two images and utilizes a thresholdmaintained for a location to determine whether the images are similarwithin a statistical average and therefore verifying that the UAV 602has indeed arrived at the correct location (particular delivery location604), or whether the images are different, do not match, etc., thereforeverifying that the UAV 602 has not arrived at the correct location. Inembodiments, an image filter may be associated with a user or customerprofile. Further, trends associated with an image filter may beidentified, captured, and communicated to a user for security and/orsafety reasons. For example, an image filter derived from a series ofimages captured by a UAV during multiple delivery missions may identifya slope of the surrounding terrain of a user's home. Such informationmay be communicated to an associated user.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example environment for a marker and landing zoneverification feature for a UAV delivering an item, according toembodiments. FIG. 7 illustrates an example dataflow 700 for an objectdetection and alternate landing zone identification feature describedherein for a UAV attempting to deliver an item. FIG. 7 includes a UAV702 attempting to deliver an item to a delivery location 704 thatincludes a landing marker 706 and one or more objects and/or items 708and 710. The UAV 702 may be configured to capture 712 one or more imagesof the delivery location 704 including an image of the landing marker706, and objects 708 and 710. In some embodiments, the UAV 702 mayperform a fly by or recon maneuver that captures images of nearbylocations or neighbor locations such as locations 714 and 716. Inembodiments, the UAV 702 may transmit the captured images 718, includingthe images for delivery location 704 and neighbor locations 714 and 716,to service provider computers 720 via networks 722.

In embodiments, the service provider computers 720 may be configured toidentify an alternate landing location 724 and instructions that guidethe UAV 702 to deliver the item ordered by a user at delivery location704 to an alternate location. For example, in situations where a user isfailing to respond to communications about removing or moving the items708 and 710 from the delivery location 704, rather than abandoning thedelivery mission, the service provider computers 720 may utilize thecaptured images 718 to identify an alternate landing location. Inembodiments, the alternate landing locations may be other users thathave opted-in for UAV deliveries or have identified themselves ascapable alternatives for deliveries intended for delivery location 704.As illustrated in FIG. 7, the service provider computers 720 mayidentify, using the captured images 718, that the location 714 isunsuitable for delivering the item as the dimensions are incorrect andan object, such as tree 726 would serve as an obstruction and cause asafety hazard were the UAV 702 attempt to deliver the item to thelocation 714.

Instead, the service provider computers 720 may identify thatalternative location 716 is suitable for delivering the item intendedfor delivery location 704. For example, the captured images 718 may beanalyzed by service provider computers 720 to verify dimensionsappropriate for the UAV 702 and associated item, and further identifyanother landing marker 728 within alternate location 716. In accordancewith at least one embodiment, the alternate landing location 724determined by the service provider computers 720 may be communicated tothe UAV 702 that guides and/or instructs movement 730 of the UAV 702 todeliver the item at alternate landing location 716. In embodiments, theUAV 702 may utilize image capture components to verify 732 a landingzone and the landing marker 728 within the alternate landing location716. The UAV 702 may utilize the landing marker 728 to guide its descentto the alternate landing location 716 and deliver the item. Upondelivering the item, a notification or message may be provided by theservice provider computers 720 to the user associated with the deliverylocation 704 and the user associated with alternative landing location716 that notifies them of the delivery to said location and the reasonswhy it was delivered to alternative landing location 716. Inembodiments, users that have opted-out from UAV deliveries would not beconsidered suitable locations for an alternative landing location.Further, a user associated with an original delivery location mayopt-out of delivering to a neighbor or alternative location and wouldtherefore the item be returned and the delivery mission aborted.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example computing architecture for implementingthe marker and landing zone verification feature, according toembodiments. The architecture 800 may include a service providercomputer 802 (which may be an example of service provider computer(s)114, 320, 424, 522, 610, or 720). The service provider computer 802 maybe included as part of an electronic marketplace (not shown) andinterface with purchase and delivery services of the electronicmarketplace. In this manner, the service provider computer 802 maycoordinate delivery of items via UAVs, such as UAV 804, to customers ofthe electronic marketplace. The UAV 804 is an example of the UAV 200discussed previously. In some examples, the service provider computer802 may be a stand-alone service operated on its own or in connectionwith an electronic marketplace. In either example, the service providercomputer 802 may be in communication with the UAV 804 via one or morenetwork(s) 806 (hereinafter, “the network 306”). The network 806 mayinclude any one or a combination of many different types of networks,such as cable networks, the Internet, wireless networks, cellularnetworks, radio networks, and other private and/or public networks.Thus, the service provider computer 802 may be configured to provideback-end control of the UAV 804 prior to, during, and after completionof its delivery plan. As discussed previously, in some examples, the UAV804 may be configured to accomplish its delivery plan (e.g., deliver itspayload) with little to no communication with the service providercomputer 802.

User devices 808(1)-808(N) (hereinafter, “the user device 808”) may alsobe in communication with the service provider computer 802 and the UAV804 via the network 806. The user device 808 may be operable by one ormore human users 810 (hereinafter, “the human user 810”) to access theservice provider computer 802 (or an electronic marketplace) and the UAV804 via the network 806. In some examples, such connectivity may enablethe human user 810 to interact with the UAV 804 according to techniquesdescribed herein. The user device 808 may be any suitable device capableof communicating with the network 806. For example, the user device 808may be any suitable computing device such as, but not limited to, amobile phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), alaptop computer, a thin-client device, a tablet PC, a desktop computer,a set-top box, or other computing device. In some examples, the userdevice 808 may be in communication with the service provider computer802 via one or more web servers constituting an electronic marketplace(not shown) connected to the network 806 and associated with the serviceprovider computer 802.

Turning now to the details of the UAV 804, the UAV 804 may include anonboard computer 812 including at least one memory 814 and one or moreprocessing units (or processor(s)) 816. The processor(s) 816 may beimplemented as appropriate in hardware, computer-executableinstructions, software, firmware, or combinations thereof.Computer-executable instruction, software or firmware implementations ofthe processor(s) 816 may include computer-executable ormachine-executable instructions written in any suitable programminglanguage to perform the various functions described. The memory 814 mayinclude more than one memory and may be distributed throughout theonboard computer 812. The memory 814 may store program instructions(e.g., UAV management module 818) that are loadable and executable onthe processor(s) 816, as well as data generated during the execution ofthese programs. Depending on the configuration and type of memoryincluding the UAV management module 818, the memory 814 may be volatile(such as random access memory (RAM)) and/or non-volatile (such asread-only memory (ROM), flash memory, or other memory). The UAVmanagement module 818 may also include additional removable storageand/or non-removable storage including, but not limited to, magneticstorage, optical disks, and/or tape storage. The disk drives and theirassociated computer-readable media may provide non-volatile storage ofcomputer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, andother data for the computing devices. In some implementations, thememory 814 may include multiple different types of memory, such asstatic random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM),or ROM. Turning to the contents of the memory 814 in more detail, thememory 814 may include an operating system 820 and one or moreapplication programs, modules or services for implementing the featuresdisclosed herein including at least the UAV management module 818. Inembodiments, the UAV management module 818 may be configured to utilizeimage processing algorithms to identify landing zones, landing markerswithin a landing zone, designate potential landing zones, determinealternate landing zones, communicate with a user (customer 810) aboutmoving an object from a landing zone, moving a landing marker to adifferent area of a delivery location to generate a new landing zone,generate image filters for a plurality of locations, and verify flightpaths/plans for the UAV 804 and a landing zone utilizing said imagefilters as described herein.

In some examples, the onboard computer 812 may also include additionalstorage 822, which may include removable storage and/or non-removablestorage. The additional storage 822 may include, but is not limited to,magnetic storage, optical disks, and/or tape storage. The disk drivesand their associated computer-readable media may provide non-volatilestorage of computer-readable instructions, data structures, programmodules, and other data for the computing devices.

The memory 814 and the additional storage 822, both removable andnon-removable, are examples of computer-readable storage media. Forexample, computer-readable storage media may include volatile ornon-volatile, removable, or non-removable media implemented in anysuitable method or technology for storage of information such ascomputer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, orother data. As used herein, modules may refer to programming modulesexecuted by computing systems (e.g., processors) that are part of theonboard computer 812. The modules of the onboard computer 812 mayinclude one or more components. The onboard computer 812 may alsoinclude input/output (I/O) device(s) and/or ports 824, such as forenabling connection with a keyboard, a mouse, a pen, a voice inputdevice, a touch input device, a display, speakers, a printer, or otherI/O device. The I/O device(s) 824 may enable communication with theother systems of the UAV 804 (e.g., other parts of the control system,power system, communication system, navigation system, propulsionsystem, and the retaining system).

The onboard computer 812 may also include data store 826. The data store826 may include one or more databases, data structures, or the like forstoring and/or retaining information associated with the UAV 804. Insome examples, the data store 826 may include databases, such ascustomer information database 828. Within the customer informationdatabase 828 may be stored any suitable customer information that may beused by the UAV 804 in implementing and/or affecting its delivery plan.For example, the customer information database 828 may include profilecharacteristics for the human user 810. The profile characteristics mayinclude a shipping address, images captured by UAV 804 for a deliverylocation or area associated with the customer 810, or an image filterthat serves as an image template for the delivery location, landingzone, or area associated with customer 810.

Turning now to the details of the user device 808. The user device 808may be used by the human user 810 for interacting with the serviceprovider computer 802 and, in some cases, the UAV 804. The user device808 may therefore include a memory, a processor, a user-interface, aweb-service application, and any other suitable feature to enablecommunication with the features of architecture 800. The web serviceapplication may be in the form of a web browser, an applicationprogramming interface (API), virtual computing instance, or othersuitable application. In some examples, when the service providercomputer 802 is part of, or shares an association with, an electronicmarketplace, the user device 808 may be used by the human user 810 forprocuring one or more items from the electronic marketplace. The humanuser 810 may request delivery of the purchased item(s) using the UAV804, or the service provider computer 802 may coordinate such deliveryon its own. In some examples, the human user 810 may use the user device308 to obtain or capture one or more images of a delivery location orarea that includes a landing zone or landing marker. For example, thehuman user 810 may utilize the user device 808 to capture an image orvideo of an associated landing zone and maker to aid in identifying thelanding marker to enable guidance for the UAV 804 in delivering an item.The human user 810 may receive instructions from the service providercomputer 802 and/or UAV 804 to move a landing marker or to move objectsin a landing zone to enable safe delivery of an item.

Turning now to the details of the service provider computer 802, theservice provider computer 802 may include one or more service providercomputers, perhaps arranged in a cluster of servers or as a server farm,and may host web service applications. These servers may be configuredto host a website (or combination of websites) viewable via the userdevice 808. The service provider computer 802 may include at least onememory 832 and one or more processing units (or processor(s)) 834. Theprocessor(s) 834 may be implemented as appropriate in hardware,computer-executable instructions, software, firmware, or combinationsthereof. Computer-executable instruction, software or firmwareimplementations of the processor(s) 834 may include computer-executableor machine-executable instructions written in any suitable programminglanguage to perform the various functions described. The memory 832 mayinclude more than one memory and may be distributed throughout theservice provider computer 802. The memory 832 may store programinstructions (e.g., server management module 836) that are loadable andexecutable on the processor(s) 834, as well as data generated during theexecution of these programs. Depending on the configuration and type ofmemory including the server management module 836, the memory 832 may bevolatile (such as random access memory (RAM)) and/or non-volatile (suchas read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, or other memory). The serviceprovider computer 802 may also include additional removable storageand/or non-removable storage including, but not limited to, magneticstorage, optical disks, and/or tape storage. The disk drives and theirassociated computer-readable media may provide non-volatile storage ofcomputer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, andother data for the computing devices. In some implementations, thememory 832 may include multiple different types of memory, such asstatic random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM),or ROM. Turning to the contents of the memory 832 in more detail, thememory 832 may include an operating system 838 and one or moreapplication programs, modules or services for implementing the featuresdisclosed herein including at least the server management module 836.The server management module 836, in some examples, may functionsimilarly to the UAV management module 818. For example, when the UAV804 is in network communication with the service provider computer 802,the UAV 804 may receive at least some instructions from the serviceprovider computer 802 as the server management module 836 is executed bythe processors 834. In some examples, the UAV 804 executes the UAVmanagement module 818 to operate independent of the service providercomputer 802. The server management module 836 and UAV management module818 may be an example of management system 202 of FIG. 2.

In some examples, the service provider computer 802 may also includeadditional storage 840, which may include removable storage and/ornon-removable storage. The additional storage 840 may include, but isnot limited to, magnetic storage, optical disks, and/or tape storage.The disk drives and their associated computer-readable media may providenon-volatile storage of computer-readable instructions, data structures,program modules, and other data for the computing devices.

The memory 832 and the additional storage 840, both removable andnon-removable, are examples of computer-readable storage media. Forexample, computer-readable storage media may include volatile ornon-volatile, removable, or non-removable media implemented in anysuitable method or technology for storage of information such ascomputer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, orother data. As used herein, modules may refer to programming modulesexecuted by computing systems (e.g., processors) that are part of theservice provider computer 802. The modules of the service providercomputer 802 may include one or more components. The service providercomputer 802 may also include input/output (I/O) device(s) and/or ports842, such as for enabling connection with a keyboard, a mouse, a pen, avoice input device, a touch input device, a display, speakers, aprinter, or other I/O device.

In some examples, the service provider computer 802 may include a userinterface 844. The user interface 844 may be utilized by an operator, orother authorized user to access portions of the service providercomputer 802. In some examples, the user interface 844 may include agraphical user interface, web-based applications, programmaticinterfaces such as application programming interfaces (APIs), or otheruser interface configurations. The service provider computer 802 mayalso include data store 846. The data store 846 may include one or moredatabases, data structures, or the like for storing and/or retaininginformation associated with the service provider computer 802. The datastore 846 may include databases, such as customer information database848. The customer information database 848 may include similarinformation as the customer information database 828. The serviceprovider computer 802 may store a larger amount of information in thedata store 846 than the onboard computer 812 is capable of storing inthe data store 826. Thus, in some examples, at least a portion of theinformation from the databases in the data store 846 is copied to thedatabases of the data store 826, e.g., periodically, occasionally, inconnection with an event, or otherwise. In this manner, the data store826 may have up-to-date information, without having to maintain thedatabases. In some examples, this information may be transferred as partof a delivery plan prior to the UAV 804 beginning a delivery mission.

FIGS. 9-13 illustrate example flows 900-1300 for marker and landing zoneverification for a UAV delivering an item, according to embodiments. Inthe illustrative operations, some of the operations or functions may beembodied in, and fully or partially automated by, a management component(e.g., UAV management module 818 or server management module 836 of FIG.8). Nevertheless, other or a combination of other electronic and/ormechanical components may be additionally or alternatively used. Also,while the operations are illustrated in a particular order, it should beunderstood that no particular order is necessary and that one or moreoperations may be omitted, skipped, and/or reordered. Additionally,some, any, or all of the processes may be performed under the control ofone or more computer systems configured with executable instructions andmay be implemented as code (e.g., executable instructions, one or morecomputer programs, or one or more applications) executing collectivelyon one or more processors, by hardware, or combinations thereof. Asnoted above, the code may be stored on a computer-readable storagemedium, for example, in the form of a computer program comprising aplurality of instructions executable by one or more processors. Thecomputer-readable storage medium is non-transitory.

The example flow 900 of FIG. 9 may start at operation 902 where acomputer system may receive an order to deliver an item. The item may beoffered by an electronic marketplace and the computer system may beassociated with the electronic marketplace. At operation 904, a flightplan that instructs a UAV to deliver the item may be generated. Theflight plan may identify a delivery location associated with a user thatplaced the order for the item. At operation 906, one or more images ofan area associated with the delivery location may be received by thecomputer system from a user device of a user associated with thedelivery location. For example, the user device may be configured toutilize one or more image capture components that are further configuredto capture or obtain images, videos, or live streams of an area of thedelivery location that may include a landing zone and/or landing marker.

At operation 908, a landing marker in the area may be identified basedin part on an image processing algorithm that utilizes the one or moreimages of the area captured by the user device. In some embodiments, theimage processing algorithm is implemented by the computer system andfurther uses images captured and provided by the UAV during flight todeliver the item. In various embodiments, the landing marker may includea barcode, QR code, or other machine readable unique identifier. Theexample flow 900 may conclude at operation 910 by transmitting, by thecomputer system and to the UAV, instructions for delivering the item tothe delivery location using the identified landing marker in the area.In some embodiments, the instructions may guide the UAV to land in thelanding zone, guided by the identified landing marker, and release theitem in the landing zone. In various embodiments, the UAV may beinstructed to hover a certain distance from the landing marker and lowerthe item via a tether mechanism onto the landing marker in the landingzone.

The example flow 1000 of FIG. 10 may start at operation 1002 byreceiving, from a user device, a media file of an area associated with adelivery location. As described herein, the media file may include avideo, stream, or image of the area. At operation 1004, the media filemay be transformed, by a computer system, into a representation of thearea from an aerial point of view. For example, image processingtechniques may utilize the images captured by a UAV during flight todeliver the item and the images provided by user device, to generate anaerial view representation of the area associated with the deliverylocation. In accordance with at least one embodiment, the representationof the area may include a 2D or 3D depth map of the area that includesone or more objects. At operation 1006 a landing zone may be identifiedwithin the area, by the computer system, utilizing the generated aerialview representation of the area. In some embodiments, a landing zone anda landing marker may be identified within the area.

At operation 1008 an indication that the UAV has arrived at the deliverylocation may be received by the computer system. In some embodiments,the UAV may identify that it has arrived at the delivery location usingGPS coordinates associated with the delivery location and an associatedGPS component for the UAV. In various embodiments, the UAV may identifythat it has arrived at the delivery location based in part on acomparison of recently captured images and an image filter for thedelivery location that is maintained by the computer system. The exampleflow 1000 may conclude at 1010 by transmitting, from the computer systemand to the UAV, instructions to guide the UAV to deliver the payload inthe identified landing zone. In some embodiments, the UAV may utilizeone or more associated sensors to verify an appropriate landing surface(such as cement or grass) before approaching the landing zone to deliverthe item. One or more policies maintained by the computer system mayidentify prohibited landing surfaces such as water or mud.

The example flow 1100 of FIG. 11 may start at operation 1102 byreceiving an order to deliver a package. A user that has opted-in for aUAV delivery service may order an item (package) for delivery from anelectronic marketplace. At operation 1104, a computer system maygenerate a flight plan that instructs a UAV to deliver the package to adelivery location. The delivery location may be determined based in parton information associated with the user such as an address, GPScoordinates, etc. At operation 1106, the computer system may receive,from the UAV upon arriving at the delivery location, a first image of anarea associated with the delivery location that includes a landingmarker. As described herein, the computer system may also receive one ormore images, videos, or a data stream from a user device of a userassociated with the delivery location. All the provided images from theUAV and user device may be utilized by the computer system and imageprocessing algorithms as described herein.

At operation 1108, the computer system may identify one or more objectsin the area utilizing the first image. In embodiments, the one or moreobjects may be identified by an image processing algorithm that utilizesitem recognition techniques that further leverage an item catalogassociated with an electronic marketplace. At operation 1110, thecomputer system may generate and transmit, to a user device of a userassociated with the delivery location, instructions for moving the oneor more objects in the area. For example, the instructions may identifythe offending objects and include instructions for moving the objects acertain distance away from the landing marker. The instructions maynotify the user that the objects are prohibiting the UAV from landingand delivering the item. In some examples, the instructions may includean image of the area with the offending objects highlighted, outlined,or otherwise identified for the ease of the user. The example flow 1100may conclude at operation 1112 by instructing the UAV to land anddeliver the package on the landing marker in response to receiving asecond image of the area that does not include the one or more objects.In embodiments, the second image may be provided by the UAV or by a userdevice of the user.

The example flow 1200 of FIG. 12 may begin at operation 1202 byreceiving, by a computer system, an indication that a UAV has arrived ata location for a delivery. At operation 1204 the computer system mayreceive one or more images, from the UAV, of an area associated with thelocation including a landing marker. The area may include a designatedlanding zone based on the proximity to the landing marker. At operation1206, the computer system may identify the presence of an object in thearea using the one or more images. In embodiments, the computer systemor UAV may utilize image processing algorithms including itemrecognition techniques to identify objects within the area. At operation1208, the computer system may determine an alternate location to movethe landing marker and dimensions required to generate a landing zonewithin the area based on the presence of the object in the one or moreimages.

In embodiments, the computer system may utilize images captured by theUAV or provided by a user device, to identify a potential landing zonewithin the area associated with the delivery location. For example,information provided by the user about the delivery location may beutilized to determine dimensions required to generate a new landing zonewithin the area. The example flow 1200 may conclude at operation 1210 bytransmitting, to a user device, instructions for moving the landingmarker to the determined landing zone. In embodiments, the computersystem may provide data objects and messages to an application of theuser device that can in turn present an augmented reality presentationonto the area to guide the user in moving the landing marker to thenewly identified landing zone. The newly identified landing zone may becaptured in an image by the UAV to determine the absence of anyoffending objects. In response to the new landing zone being generated,instructions may be provided to the UAV to land and deliver the itemguided by the now moved landing marker and no longer obstructed byoffending items.

The example flow 1300 of FIG. 13 may begin at 1302 by maintaining, by acomputer system, a plurality of image filters for one or more locationsin a first area, where an image filter may comprise image informationfor a location that can serve as an image template. In embodiments, theone or more locations may correspond to delivery locations and the firstarea may include a city, town, or neighborhood. At operation 1304, thecomputer system may receive an order to deliver an item to a particularlocation of the one or more locations. For example, a user may requestdelivery of an item, via UAV, from an electronic marketplace. Atoperation 1306, the computer system may generate a flight plan thatinstructs a UAV to deliver the item to the particular location. Inembodiments, the flight plan may identify certain modulations of thepropellers or certain altitudes to maintain when flying over, by, ornear particular locations of the one or more locations that maycorrespond to users that have opted-out from UAV deliveries or do notwish to have UAVs flying through their property.

At operation 1308, the computer system may receive, from the UAV duringflight, a series of images for the one or more locations. The series ofimages may be captured by one or more image capture componentsassociated with the UAV which may be configured to operate as a stereocamera. At operation 1310, the computer system may analyze the series ofimages and update the plurality of image filters for the correspondinglocations based in part on the received series of images. Inembodiments, the computer system may utilize image processing algorithmsto extract unnecessary information to update the image filters. Theexample flow 1300 may conclude at 1312 by verifying the flight plan forthe UAV, in route to the particular location, based in part on theupdated plurality of image filters and subsequently captured images bythe UAV or the previously captured series of images. In embodiments, thecomputer system may also verify a particular delivery location based inpart on a captured image of the particular delivery location and animage filter for the particular delivery location. In some embodiments,the UAV may be instructed to land deliver the item to the particulardelivery location upon verifying the delivery location utilizing theimage filter.

FIG. 14 illustrates aspects of an example environment 1400 forimplementing aspects in accordance with various embodiments. As will beappreciated, although a Web-based environment is used for purposes ofexplanation, different environments may be used, as appropriate, toimplement various embodiments. The environment includes an electronicclient device 1402, which can include any appropriate device operable tosend and receive requests, messages, or information over an appropriatenetwork 1404 and convey information back to a user of the device.Examples of such client devices include personal computers, cell phones,handheld messaging devices, laptop computers, set-top boxes, personaldata assistants, electronic book readers, and the like. The network caninclude any appropriate network, including an intranet, the Internet, acellular network, a local area network, or any other such network orcombination thereof. Components used for such a system can depend atleast in part upon the type of network and/or environment selected.Protocols and components for communicating via such a network are wellknown and will not be discussed herein in detail. Communication over thenetwork can be enabled by wired or wireless connections and combinationsthereof. In this example, the network includes the Internet, as theenvironment includes a Web server 1406 for receiving requests andserving content in response thereto, although for other networks analternative device serving a similar purpose could be used as would beapparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.

The illustrative environment includes at least one application server1408 and a data store 1410. It should be understood that there can beseveral application servers, layers, or other elements, processes, orcomponents, which may be chained or otherwise configured, which caninteract to perform tasks such as obtaining data from an appropriatedata store. As used herein the term “data store” refers to any device orcombination of devices capable of storing, accessing, and retrievingdata, which may include any combination and number of data servers,databases, data storage devices, and data storage media, in anystandard, distributed, or clustered environment. The application servercan include any appropriate hardware and software for integrating withthe data store as needed to execute aspects of one or more applicationsfor the client device, handling a majority of the data access andbusiness logic for an application. The application server providesaccess control services in cooperation with the data store and is ableto generate content such as text, graphics, audio, and/or video to betransferred to the user, which may be served to the user by the Webserver in the form of HyperText Markup Language (“HTML”), ExtensibleMarkup Language (“XML”), or another appropriate structured language inthis example. The handling of all requests and responses, as well as thedelivery of content between the client device 1402 and the applicationserver 1408, can be handled by the Web server. It should be understoodthat the Web and application servers are not required and are merelyexample components, as structured code discussed herein can be executedon any appropriate device or host machine as discussed elsewhere herein.

The data store 1410 can include several separate data tables, databasesor other data storage mechanisms and media for storing data relating toa particular aspect. For example, the data store illustrated includesmechanisms for storing production data 1412 and user information 1416,which can be used to serve content for the production side. The datastore also is shown to include a mechanism for storing log data 1414,which can be used for reporting, analysis, or other such purposes. Itshould be understood that there can be many other aspects that may needto be stored in the data store, such as for page image information andto access right information, which can be stored in any of the abovelisted mechanisms as appropriate or in additional mechanisms in the datastore 1410. The data store 1410 is operable, through logic associatedtherewith, to receive instructions from the application server 1408 andobtain, update or otherwise process data in response thereto. In oneexample, a user might submit a search request for a certain type ofitem. In this case, the data store might access the user information toverify the identity of the user and can access the catalog detailinformation to obtain information about items of that type. Theinformation then can be returned to the user, such as in a resultslisting on a Web page that the user is able to view via a browser on theuser device 1402. Information for a particular item of interest can beviewed in a dedicated page or window of the browser.

Each server typically will include an operating system that providesexecutable program instructions for the general administration andoperation of that server and typically will include a computer-readablestorage medium (e.g., a hard disk, random access memory, read onlymemory, etc.) storing instructions that, when executed by a processor ofthe server, allow the server to perform its intended functions. Suitableimplementations for the operating system and general functionality ofthe servers are known or commercially available and are readilyimplemented by persons having ordinary skill in the art, particularly inlight of the disclosure herein.

The environment in one embodiment is a distributed computing environmentutilizing several computer systems and components that areinterconnected via communication links, using one or more computernetworks or direct connections. However, it will be appreciated by thoseof ordinary skill in the art that such a system could operate equallywell in a system having fewer or a greater number of components than areillustrated in FIG. 14. Thus, the depiction of the system 1400 in FIG.14 should be taken as being illustrative in nature and not limiting tothe scope of the disclosure.

The various embodiments further can be implemented in a wide variety ofoperating environments, which in some cases can include one or more usercomputers, computing devices or processing devices which can be used tooperate any of a number of applications. User or client devices caninclude any of a number of general purpose personal computers, such asdesktop or laptop computers running a standard operating system, as wellas cellular, wireless, and handheld devices running mobile software andcapable of supporting a number of networking and messaging protocols.Such a system also can include a number of workstations running any of avariety of commercially-available operating systems and other knownapplications for purposes such as development and database management.These devices also can include other electronic devices, such as dummyterminals, thin-clients, gaming systems, and other devices capable ofcommunicating via a network.

Most embodiments utilize at least one network that would be familiar tothose skilled in the art for supporting communications using any of avariety of commercially-available protocols, such as TransmissionControl Protocol/Internet Protocol (“TCP/IP”), Open SystemInterconnection (“OSI”), File Transfer Protocol (“FTP”), Universal Plugand Play (“UpnP”), Network File System (“NFS”), Common Internet FileSystem (“CIFS”), and AppleTalk. The network can be, for example, a localarea network, a wide-area network, a virtual private network, theInternet, an intranet, an extranet, a public switched telephone network,an infrared network, a wireless network, and any combination thereof.

In embodiments utilizing a Web server, the Web server can run any of avariety of server or mid-tier applications, including Hypertext TransferProtocol (“HTTP”) servers, FTP servers, Common Gateway Interface (“CGI”)servers, data servers, Java servers, and business application servers.The server(s) also may be capable of executing programs or scripts inresponse to requests from user devices, such as by executing one or moreWeb applications that may be implemented as one or more scripts orprograms written in any programming language, such as Java®, C, C#, orC++, or any scripting language, such as Perl, Python, or TCL, as well ascombinations thereof. The server(s) may also include database servers,including without limitation those commercially available from Oracle®,Microsoft®, Sybase®, and IBM®.

The environment can include a variety of data stores and other memoryand storage media as discussed above. These can reside in a variety oflocations, such as on a storage medium local to (and/or resident in) oneor more of the computers or remote from any or all of the computersacross the network. In a particular set of embodiments, the informationmay reside in a storage-area network (“SAN”) familiar to those skilledin the art. Similarly, any necessary files for performing the functionsattributed to the computers, servers, or other network devices may bestored locally and/or remotely, as appropriate. Where a system includescomputerized devices, each such device can include hardware elementsthat may be electrically coupled via a bus, the elements including, forexample, at least one central processing unit (“CPU”), at least oneinput device (e.g., a mouse, keyboard, controller, touch screen, orkeypad), and at least one output device (e.g., a display device,printer, or speaker). Such a system may also include one or more storagedevices, such as disk drives, optical storage devices, and solid-statestorage devices such as random access memory (“RAM”) or read-only memory(“ROM”), as well as removable media devices, memory cards, flash cards,etc.

Such devices also can include a computer-readable storage media reader,a communications device (e.g., a modem, a network card (wireless orwired)), an infrared communication device, etc.), and working memory asdescribed above. The computer-readable storage media reader can beconnected with, or configured to receive, a computer-readable storagemedium, representing remote, local, fixed, and/or removable storagedevices as well as storage media for temporarily and/or more permanentlycontaining, storing, transmitting, and retrieving computer-readableinformation. The system and various devices also typically will includea number of software applications, modules, services, or other elementslocated within at least one working memory device, including anoperating system and application programs, such as a client applicationor Web browser. It should be appreciated that alternate embodiments mayhave numerous variations from that described above. For example,customized hardware might also be used and/or particular elements mightbe implemented in hardware, software (including portable software, suchas applets), or both. Further, connection to other computing devicessuch as network input/output devices may be employed.

Storage media computer readable media for containing code, or portionsof code, can include any appropriate media known or used in the art,including storage media and communication media, such as but not limitedto volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable mediaimplemented in any method or technology for storage and/or transmissionof information such as computer readable instructions, data structures,program modules, or other data, including RAM, ROM, ElectricallyErasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (“EEPROM”), flash memory or othermemory technology, Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (“CD-ROM”), digitalversatile disk (DVD), or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes,magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage, or other magnetic storage devices,or any other medium which can be used to store the desired informationand which can be accessed by a system device. Based on the disclosureand teachings provided herein, a person of ordinary skill in the artwill appreciate other ways and/or methods to implement the variousembodiments.

The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in anillustrative rather than a restrictive sense. It will, however, beevident that various modifications and changes may be made thereuntowithout departing from the broader spirit and scope of the disclosure asset forth in the claims.

Other variations are within the spirit of the present disclosure. Thus,while the disclosed techniques are susceptible to various modificationsand alternative constructions, certain illustrated embodiments thereofare shown in the drawings and have been described above in detail. Itshould be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit thedisclosure to the specific form or forms disclosed, but on the contrary,the intention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructions,and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the disclosure,as defined in the appended claims.

The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in thecontext of describing the disclosed embodiments (especially in thecontext of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both thesingular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearlycontradicted by context. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,”and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning“including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. The term“connected” is to be construed as partly or wholly contained within,attached to, or joined together, even if there is something intervening.Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as ashorthand method of referring individually to each separate valuefalling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein and eachseparate value is incorporated into the specification as if it wereindividually recited herein. All methods described herein can beperformed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein orotherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and allexamples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, isintended merely to better illuminate embodiments of the disclosure anddoes not pose a limitation on the scope of the disclosure unlessotherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construedas indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice ofthe disclosure.

Disjunctive language such as the phrase “at least one of X, Y, or Z,”unless specifically stated otherwise, is intended to be understoodwithin the context as used in general to present that an item, term,etc., may be either X, Y, or Z, or any combination thereof (e.g., X, Y,and/or Z). Thus, such disjunctive language is not generally intended to,and should not, imply that certain embodiments require at least one ofX, at least one of Y, or at least one of Z to each be present.

Preferred embodiments of this disclosure are described herein, includingthe best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the disclosure.Variations of those preferred embodiments may become apparent to thoseof ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Theinventors expect skilled artisans to employ such variations asappropriate and the inventors intend for the disclosure to be practicedotherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, thisdisclosure includes all modifications and equivalents of the subjectmatter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicablelaw. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in allpossible variations thereof is encompassed by the disclosure unlessotherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

All references, including publications, patent applications, andpatents, cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the sameextent as if each reference were individually and specifically indicatedto be incorporated by reference and were set forth in its entiretyherein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:maintaining, by a computer system, a plurality of image filters for oneor more locations in a first area, an image filter of the plurality ofimage filters comprising image information for a location of the one ormore locations that can serve as an image template; receiving, by thecomputer system, an order to deliver an item to a particular location ofthe one or more locations; generating, by the computer system, a flightplan that instructs an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to deliver the itemto the particular location; receiving, by the computer system and fromthe UAV, a series of images for the one or more locations during flightto the particular location; updating, by the computer system, theplurality of image filters based at least in part on the series ofimages; verifying, by the computer system, the flight plan for the UAVin route to the particular location based at least in part on theupdated plurality of image filters and the series of images;identifying, by the computer system, that an obstruction is in a landingzone of the particular location based at least in part on the updatedplurality of image filters and the series of images; and transmitting,by the computer system and to a user device, a notification thatindicates the obstruction in the landing zone based at least in responseto identifying the obstruction.
 2. The computer-implemented method ofclaim 1, wherein the image filter is generated, by the computer system,by removing certain objects from the image information.
 3. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising generating,by the computer system, a new flight plan in response to receiving, fromthe user device, an opt-out for UAV deliveries, the new flight plangenerated based at least in part on the updated plurality of imagefilters.
 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3, wherein the newflight plan includes instructing the UAV to climb to a certain altitudewhen flying by locations associated with opt-outs for the UAVdeliveries.
 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, furthercomprising: receiving, by the computer system and from the UAV,information identifying an equipment failure for the UAV; generating, bythe computer system, a new landing location based at least in part onthe information and the updated plurality of image filters; andinstructing, by the computer system, the UAV to land at the new landinglocation.
 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein theplurality of image filters for the one or more locations in the firstarea identify one or more obstructions to the flight plan in the firstarea.
 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, further comprisinggenerating, by the computer system, a map of the one or moreobstructions.
 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7, furthercomprising updating the flight plan for the UAV in route to theparticular location based at least in part on the map of the one or moreobstructions.
 9. A computer-implemented method, comprising: receiving,by a computer system and from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), one ormore images captured by the UAV during flight within an area;extracting, by the computer system, first information from the one ormore images using an image processing algorithm; generating, by thecomputer system, a plurality of image filters to serve as imagetemplates for one or more locations that correspond to previousdeliveries by the UAV, the one or more locations within the area;receiving, by the computer system, an order to deliver an item to aparticular location of the one or more locations; verifying, by thecomputer system, a flight path for the UAV during flight by the UAV todeliver the item based at least in part on updated one or more imagescaptured by the UAV and the plurality of image filters; identifying, bythe computer system, that an obstruction is in a landing zone of theparticular location based at least in part the updated one or moreimages captured by the UAV and the plurality of image filters; andtransmitting, by the computer system and to a user device, a firstnotification that identifies the obstruction in the landing zone inresponse to identifying the obstruction.
 10. The computer-implementedmethod of claim 9, wherein extracting the first information from the oneor more images using the image processing algorithm includes removingcertain objects and certain information from the one or more images. 11.The computer-implemented method of claim 9, further comprisinggenerating, by the computer system, a new flight path in response toreceiving second information identifying an entity opting-out from UAVdeliveries.
 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein thenew flight path includes instructions for modulating propellersassociated with the UAV to generate an expected sound when flying withina certain distance from the entity.
 13. The computer-implemented methodof claim 9, further comprising: receiving, by the computer system andfrom the UAV, second information identifying an equipment failure forthe UAV; generating, by the computer system, a new landing locationbased at least in part on the second information and the updated one ormore images captured by the UAV and the plurality of image filters; andinstructing, by the computer system, the UAV to land at the new landinglocation.
 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, furthercomprising transmitting, by the computer system and to the user device,a second notification that identifies an update to a particular imagefilter for the particular location when the update to the particularimage filter exceeds a certain threshold for the particular location.15. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the imagetemplates for the one or more locations include identifications for oneor more obstructions to the UAV in the flight path.
 16. An unmannedaerial vehicle (UAV), comprising: an image capture component; a set ofpropellers associated with a propulsion system configured to providepropulsion for the UAV; and a computing system configured to manage thepropulsion system during a flight associated with a delivery of apayload and further configured to instruct the UAV to: capture, via theimage capture component, one or more images of an area during flight;extract, by the computing system, first information from the one or moreimages using an image processing algorithm; generate, by the computingsystem, a plurality of image filters to serve as image templates for oneor more locations in the area; verify, by the computing system, a flightpath for the UAV to deliver an item based at least in part on theplurality of image filters and updated one or more images of the one ormore locations in the area; identify an obstruction in a landing zone ofa particular location of the one or more locations based at least inpart on the plurality of image filters and the updated one or moreimages; and transmit, to a user device, a notification that identifiesthe obstruction in the landing zone in response to identifying theobstruction.
 17. The UAV of claim 16, wherein the computing system isfurther configured to verify the landing zone for the UAV to deliver theitem based at least in part on a particular image filter of theplurality of image filters and the updated one or more images of the oneor more locations in the area.
 18. The UAV of claim 16, wherein theobstruction in the landing zone is illuminated using one or more coloredlights.